See toward in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "as toward" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "toward" }, "expansion": "English: toward", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: toward" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "tōweard" }, "expansion": "Old English tōweard", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "to", "3": "-ward" }, "expansion": "to + -ward", "name": "af" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "preposition" }, "expansion": "toward", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "prep", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "Towards Saluzzo they make their journey, / From day to day they ride on their way […]", "ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 184, verso, lines 783-784:", "text": "Toward Saluces / shapyng hir iourney / ffro day to day / they ryden in hir wey […]", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "In the direction of; toward." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-prep-mqYabiae", "links": [ [ "toward", "toward#English" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Into the presence of." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-prep-Qo4SRumL" }, { "glosses": [ "In proximity to; near, by." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-prep-B9sq-UFb", "links": [ [ "proximity", "proximity" ], [ "near", "near" ], [ "by", "by" ] ] }, { "categories": [], "examples": [ { "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)", "text": "c. 1190 - 1215, Layamon, Laȝamon's Brut\nÞe while þe he spac touward Goden.", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "In an exchange or communication with; to." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-prep-FN8VQ1b5", "links": [ [ "to", "to" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Having a wont or tendency towards." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-prep-ahQKwItk", "links": [ [ "wont", "wont" ], [ "tendency", "tendency" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Similar to." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-prep-Y~cY9wI6" }, { "glosses": [ "Subject to; under the control of." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-prep-xbUMuHDv" }, { "glosses": [ "Useful for; prepared for." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-prep-5DITBxLI" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towar" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towart" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touard" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touwar" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touward" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touwarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towerd" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towert" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "taward" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "tawarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "tawart" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "twoward" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "tort" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "toweard" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towearde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towarð" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towweard" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touwward" } ], "word": "toward" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "toward" }, "expansion": "English: toward", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: toward" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "tōweard" }, "expansion": "Old English tōweard", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "to", "3": "-ward" }, "expansion": "to + -ward", "name": "af" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "adjective", "3": "", "4": "{{{1}}}", "5": "", "6": "{{{2}}}", "7": "", "8": "{{{3}}}", "head": "" }, "expansion": "toward", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "toward", "name": "enm-adj" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "adj", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "towardnesse" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "14 14 16 0 0 0 7 14 14 6 1 3 2 3 0 1 3 0 1 1 1 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "16 9 11 0 0 0 8 11 27 7 1 2 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 2 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "16 8 10 0 0 0 11 12 24 9 1 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "Future, forthcoming; to come." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-adj-3ZZPOppZ", "links": [ [ "Future", "future" ], [ "forthcoming", "forthcoming" ], [ "to come", "to come" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Near at hand; imminent, nigh." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-adj-Sw2Pb~aH", "links": [ [ "at hand", "at hand" ], [ "imminent", "imminent" ], [ "nigh", "nigh" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Moving forth." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-adj-P0hqAcuF", "links": [ [ "forth", "forth" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "of goodwill, benevolent; well-tempered, gentle." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-adj-hgxxqm6L", "links": [ [ "goodwill", "goodwill" ], [ "benevolent", "benevolent" ], [ "well-tempered", "well-tempered" ], [ "gentle", "gentle" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towar" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towart" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touard" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touwar" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touward" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touwarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towerd" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towert" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "taward" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "tawarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "tawart" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "twoward" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "tort" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "toweard" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towearde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towarð" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towweard" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touwward" } ], "word": "toward" } { "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "as toward" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "toward and froward" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "tōweard" }, "expansion": "Old English tōweard", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "to", "3": "-ward" }, "expansion": "to + -ward", "name": "af" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "adverb" }, "expansion": "toward", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "adv", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "towardes" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "In a given direction, typically toward something specific." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-adv-xgCMuJHm" }, { "glosses": [ "Nearly, almost." ], "id": "en-toward-enm-adv-FPLoGURZ", "links": [ [ "Nearly", "nearly" ], [ "almost", "almost" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towar" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towart" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touard" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touwar" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touward" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touwarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towerd" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towert" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "taward" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "tawarde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "tawart" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "twoward" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "tort" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "toweard" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towearde" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towarð" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "towweard" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0", "word": "touwward" } ], "word": "toward" }
{ "categories": [ "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English adverbs", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English prepositions", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms suffixed with -ward", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "derived": [ { "word": "as toward" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "toward" }, "expansion": "English: toward", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: toward" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "tōweard" }, "expansion": "Old English tōweard", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "to", "3": "-ward" }, "expansion": "to + -ward", "name": "af" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "preposition" }, "expansion": "toward", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "prep", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "english": "Towards Saluzzo they make their journey, / From day to day they ride on their way […]", "ref": "1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 184, verso, lines 783-784:", "text": "Toward Saluces / shapyng hir iourney / ffro day to day / they ryden in hir wey […]", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "In the direction of; toward." ], "links": [ [ "toward", "toward#English" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Into the presence of." ] }, { "glosses": [ "In proximity to; near, by." ], "links": [ [ "proximity", "proximity" ], [ "near", "near" ], [ "by", "by" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with quotations", "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations" ], "examples": [ { "english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)", "text": "c. 1190 - 1215, Layamon, Laȝamon's Brut\nÞe while þe he spac touward Goden.", "type": "quotation" } ], "glosses": [ "In an exchange or communication with; to." ], "links": [ [ "to", "to" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Having a wont or tendency towards." ], "links": [ [ "wont", "wont" ], [ "tendency", "tendency" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Similar to." ] }, { "glosses": [ "Subject to; under the control of." ] }, { "glosses": [ "Useful for; prepared for." ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "towarde" }, { "word": "towar" }, { "word": "towart" }, { "word": "touard" }, { "word": "touarde" }, { "word": "touwar" }, { "word": "touward" }, { "word": "touwarde" }, { "word": "towerd" }, { "word": "towert" }, { "word": "taward" }, { "word": "tawarde" }, { "word": "tawart" }, { "word": "twoward" }, { "word": "tort" }, { "word": "toweard" }, { "word": "towearde" }, { "word": "towarð" }, { "word": "towweard" }, { "word": "touwward" } ], "word": "toward" } { "categories": [ "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English adverbs", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English prepositions", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms suffixed with -ward", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "toward" }, "expansion": "English: toward", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: toward" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "tōweard" }, "expansion": "Old English tōweard", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "to", "3": "-ward" }, "expansion": "to + -ward", "name": "af" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "adjective", "3": "", "4": "{{{1}}}", "5": "", "6": "{{{2}}}", "7": "", "8": "{{{3}}}", "head": "" }, "expansion": "toward", "name": "head" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "toward", "name": "enm-adj" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "adj", "related": [ { "word": "towardnesse" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "Future, forthcoming; to come." ], "links": [ [ "Future", "future" ], [ "forthcoming", "forthcoming" ], [ "to come", "to come" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Near at hand; imminent, nigh." ], "links": [ [ "at hand", "at hand" ], [ "imminent", "imminent" ], [ "nigh", "nigh" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "Moving forth." ], "links": [ [ "forth", "forth" ] ] }, { "glosses": [ "of goodwill, benevolent; well-tempered, gentle." ], "links": [ [ "goodwill", "goodwill" ], [ "benevolent", "benevolent" ], [ "well-tempered", "well-tempered" ], [ "gentle", "gentle" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "towarde" }, { "word": "towar" }, { "word": "towart" }, { "word": "touard" }, { "word": "touarde" }, { "word": "touwar" }, { "word": "touward" }, { "word": "touwarde" }, { "word": "towerd" }, { "word": "towert" }, { "word": "taward" }, { "word": "tawarde" }, { "word": "tawart" }, { "word": "twoward" }, { "word": "tort" }, { "word": "toweard" }, { "word": "towearde" }, { "word": "towarð" }, { "word": "towweard" }, { "word": "touwward" } ], "word": "toward" } { "categories": [ "Middle English adjectives", "Middle English adverbs", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English prepositions", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms suffixed with -ward", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "derived": [ { "word": "toward and froward" }, { "word": "as toward" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "tōweard" }, "expansion": "Old English tōweard", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "to", "3": "-ward" }, "expansion": "to + -ward", "name": "af" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English tōweard, tōwærd; equivalent to to + -ward.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "adverb" }, "expansion": "toward", "name": "head" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "adv", "related": [ { "word": "towardes" } ], "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "In a given direction, typically toward something specific." ] }, { "glosses": [ "Nearly, almost." ], "links": [ [ "Nearly", "nearly" ], [ "almost", "almost" ] ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "towarde" }, { "word": "towar" }, { "word": "towart" }, { "word": "touard" }, { "word": "touarde" }, { "word": "touwar" }, { "word": "touward" }, { "word": "touwarde" }, { "word": "towerd" }, { "word": "towert" }, { "word": "taward" }, { "word": "tawarde" }, { "word": "tawart" }, { "word": "twoward" }, { "word": "tort" }, { "word": "toweard" }, { "word": "towearde" }, { "word": "towarð" }, { "word": "towweard" }, { "word": "touwward" } ], "word": "toward" }
Download raw JSONL data for toward meaning in Middle English (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.